There are various muscles that control movement, ligaments that give stability, special cartilage to absorb pressure and various other structures to ensure smooth, painfree movement. Labeled structures include the femur, patella, medial meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament, or acl, tibia, posterior cruciate ligament, lateral meniscus and. Anatomy of knee jacksonville orthopaedic institute. Knee joint anatomy pdf roland jeffery physiotherapy. The knee is designed to fulfill a number of functions. The knee joint is taken for granted by most people at least, that is, until injury occurs. The acl is a key structure in the knee joint, as it resists anterior tibial translation and rotational loads. It is usually regarded as a sesamoid bone, developed in the quadriceps femoris tendon. Physiotherapist explaining basic functional knee anatomy using three dimensional models. During normal patellofemoral joint motion, the patella glides distally as the. Patella is anterior to the knee and not in the center of it. This offers a six degrees of freedom range of motion, including flexion, extension sagittal planes, internal, external rotation transverse plane.
The knee is a type of a hinge joint, responsible primarily for flexing bending and extending straightening movementsbut the knee also has the ability to slightly rotate internally and externally. Pdf anatomy and physiology of knee stability researchgate. The ends of the bones in the joint are covered with cartilage a tough lubricating tissue that helps cushion the bones during movement. A patients guide to knee anatomy taken together, are the most important struc tures controlling stability of the knee.
The knee joint is a hinge joint between the tibia, fibula and femur bones. Anatomy and biomechanics of the lateral side of the knee and. This medical exhibit pictures an anterolateral frontoutside view of the left knee joint. Knee joint stability requires the integration of a complex set of anatomical structures. It is a pivotal hinge joint in the leg that allows for a variety of movements i. Knee diagram knee anatomy human knee knee joint anatomy human knee anatomy consists of the following parts temia, femur, patella, meniscus, bursa. Our interactive 3d knee diagram is an informative 360 degree rotating model.
The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations. First, we will define some common anatomic terms as they relate to the knee. The knee joint is made up of four bones, which are connected by muscles, ligaments, and tendons. When there is damage to one of the structures that surround the knee joint, this can lead to discomfort and disability. The knee joint is the largest and one of the most complex joints in the human body. A labeled diagram of the knee with an insight into its. Patients complain of knee pain that characteristically increases when ascending and.
The little knee anatomy pain that keeps running close by the tibia fibula and the kneecap patella are different bones that make the knee joint. It consists of bones, meniscus, ligaments, and tendons. Knee pain could be the result of a problem with any one of these components, or a combination of several. Knee instability has been the focus of large number of studies over the last decade. The knee is the meeting place of two impor tant bones in the leg, the femur the thighbone and the tibia the shinbone. However, there appears to be controversy about whether the posterior oblique ligament is a distinct structure or if it is a portion of the superficial medial collateral. The knee is a complex joint that flexes, extends, and twists slightly from side to side. Enhancing the leverage internal moment arm of the quadriceps muscle.
It connects the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial condyle of the femur. Pain in the back of the knee can be caused by arthritis or cysts, known as bakers cysts. Apr 1, 2018 anatomy of knee joint labeled knee joint anatomy labeled diagram poster on knee replacement is a surgical procedure and the cost of this. Most players are likely to injure their knee, or suffer with knee pain, at some time while playing football. Normal anatomy and biomechanics of the knee fred flandry, md, facsw and gabriel hommel, md abstract. At birth, a babys knee cap will not appear the same as an adult knee cap. This topography accounts for the socalled screw home mechanism, or internal rotation, of the femur on the fixed tibia as the. The patella is a flat, triangular bone, situated on the front of. Sep 28, 2018 we hope this picture meniscus anatomy diagram can help you study and research. The aim of this short report is to examine knee joint anatomy and physiology with respect to knee stability. The knee is one of the most significant and most complex joints in the body. The knee jerk reflex is base on the hammer changing the shape of a muscle. To measure the extent of internal and external rotation, the knee must therefore be. Bakers cysts are an accumulation of joint fluid synovial fluid that forms behind the knee.
Synovial joints are enclosed by a ligament capsule and. A knee pain diagnosis chart can be a really useful tool to help you work out why you have pain in your knee. Rg volume 20 special issue recondo et al s95 figure 6. Knee joint is one of the most important hinge joints of our body. Jan 21, 2018 the muscles that affect the knee s movement run along the thigh and calf. Knee pain is caused by trauma, misalignment, and degeneration as well as by conditions like ar. Medial knee pain can be caused by several conditions, the most frequent being the anserine syndrome. The anatomy of the knee the knee is a hinge joint formed by the tibia shinbone, femur thighbone and patella kneecap.
Introduction to better understand how knee problems occur, it is important to understand some of the anatomy of the knee joint and how the parts of the knee work together to maintain normal function. The oblique popliteal ligament, the largest posterior knee structure, formed a broad fascial sheath over the posterior aspect of the knee and measured 48. This animation explains the anatomy of the ligaments which provide stability for the knee. Anatomy and biomechanics of the lateral side of the knee. Knee muscles anatomy skeletal muscle anatomy knee joint anatomy. The diagram, below, is a handy guide to the possible reasons for your pain. The knee is a hinge joint that is responsible for weightbearing and movement. Anatomy of the knee bones and joints of the knee anatomy.
Anatomy of the knee knee tendonitis, knee bursitis. Two special types of ligaments called menisci sit between the femur and the tibia. These structures are sometimes referred to as the cartilage of the knee, but the menisci differ from the articular cartilage that covers the. The knee joint is the point at which the femur bone of the thigh meets the tibia bone of the lower leg. The posterior cruciate ligament pcl is a ligament in each knee of humans and various other animals. Our knees enable us to sit, stand, walk, run, jump, squat, and more. Magnetic resonance imaging mri is a radiologic procedure that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to develop detailed image crosssections of the body, including the knee 1 medical images from an mri allow medical professionals to distinguish body tissues, including the meniscus shock absorbers in the knee, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. Functionally, the knee comprises 2 articulationsthe patellofemoral and tibiofemoral. The anatomy of the knee consists of bones, muscles, nerves, cartilages, tendons and ligaments. Knee anatomy including ligaments, cartilage and meniscus.
A diagrammatic explanation of the parts of the human knee. Knee joint stability requires the integration of a complex set of anatomical structures and physiological mechanism. The patella is a sesamoid bone that hardens from cartilage to bone at about. Knowing what typically causes pain in each area of the knee makes it easier to reach an accurate knee pain self diagnosis. Stability of the joint is governed by a combination of static ligaments, dynamic muscular forces, meniscocapsular aponeurosis, bony topography, and joint load. The knee joins the thigh bone femur to the shin bone tibia. Hamstrings muscles on the back of the thigh, which run from the hip to just below the knee and work to bend the knee. Knee radiograph an approach knee ap view 18 public playlist includes this case. Jfmk free fulltext anatomy and physiology of knee stability.
The knee is the meeting point of the femur thigh bone in the upper leg and the tibia shinbone in the. Knee joint anatomy involves looking at each of the different structures in and around the knee. The femur and the tibia are the main movers of the joint to allow for the hinge motion. Anatomical diagram of a human right knee joint poster. The patella, or knee cap, articulates with the trochlear groove on the end of the femur. Feb 26, 2021 pain on the sides of the knee is commonly related to injuries to the collateral ligaments, arthritis, or tears to the meniscuses. By examining the location of knee pain and looking for swelling or abnormal movement, a doctor gathers information about potential causes of damage or stress on. They are attached to the femur thighbone, tibia shinbone, and fibula calf bone by fibrous tissues called ligaments. Coronal plane anatomy of the posterolateral structures of the knee. The patella or kneecap, as it is commonly called is made of bone and sits in front of the knee. The knee joint is a complex structure that involves bones, tendons, ligaments, muscles, and other structures for normal function. There are lots of different structures in and around the knee that can cause pain.
Anatomy of knee joint labeled knee joint anatomy labeled. Its complexity and its efficiency is the best example of gods creation. Normal radiographic anatomy of the knee radiology case. All the components of the knee bones, cartilage, synovial membrane, ligaments, tendons and muscles must work together properly for the knee to move smoothly. If you want to learn more about knee anatomy, please watch this knee anatomy video or this article knee joint anatomy. It is the largest of all of the joints in the body but, because of its complex anatomical structure, is highly susceptible to injury. Knee anatomy the knee joint is made up of two parts. It is the largest joint in the human body and is very complicated.
The anatomy of the medial part of the knee robert laprade, md. It works as a counterpart to the anterior cruciate ligament acl. The tibial collateral ligament is sometimes divided the literature into superficial and deep parts. The fibula is the smaller shin bone, located next to the tibia. Aug 18, 2017 the knee is a hinge joint that is responsible for weightbearing and movement. The part of the knee between the end of the thigh bone femur and the top of the shin bone tibia is called the tibiofemoral joint. Familiarity with the musculotendinous anatomy of the knee will facilitate accurate diagnosis with mr imaging. The knee is the largest joint in your body and one of the most easily injured. Pdf knee instability has been the focus of large number of studies over the. Labeled structures include the femur, patella, medial meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament, or acl, tibia, posterior cruciate ligament, lateral meniscus and fibula. So the anterior cruciate ligament is in front of the posterior cruciate ligament. Knee anatomy knee joint anatomy midwest orthopedic. Meniscus anatomy diagram anatomy note anatomy is a.
Anatomy of the knee medical illustration, human anatomy drawing. In humans and other primates, the knee joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two joints. Knee anatomy and medial patellofemoral ligament joi. This connection of the femur and tibia is a joint called the tibiofemoral joint. When the knee is extended, the acl has a mean length of 32 mm and a width of 712 mm. This article provides a basis for understanding the anatomy involved in knee. This configuration allows the pcl to resist forces pushing the tibia posteriorly relative to the femur. The knee joint is a hinge joint during flexionextension but in. We think this is the most useful anatomy picture that you need. Revisiting the knee jerk response what is the stimulus.
Furthermore, there are several individualized parts of the knee within each sub section that comes with important information about its appropriate knee. Other reflexes an insect flying towards your blinking eye. Quadriceps four muscles on front of the thigh that run from the hip to the knee and straighten the knee from a bent position. Relevant anatomy amenable to self and crossrecognition. To better understand the various knee topics covered in this website it is important to understand the anatomy and function of the knee.
623 1473 883 1125 1438 770 635 776 402 964 727 796 920 1243 1173 815 267 751 1240 410 72 1021 93 1518 1287